Yes, a later same-day entry is doable, but I sure wouldn't try to haul everything to Trail Camp. Outpost certainly puts the peak within reach for a day hiker.
Do understand, you might also be able to pick up overnight permits starting NEXT day, too, from any that reservation-holders release when they pick up their permit. (groups are always losing a member or two.) Those become available as soon as the official permit is issued to that group.
