Intrepid...
It was not a failure...you have no control over the weather. It appears you were well-prepared for your hike.
You did the right thing by staying put and trying to reassess what to do next. Others may have or would have panicked putting their lives at risk.
What you did on that trail saved your life.
So, you live for another day and another shot at a Whitney "walkabout." I agree with Steve, try July or August, NEXT YEAR!!!

G'day, mate!